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The Pythagorean Theorem

An interactive lesson in three parts

What is the Pythagorean Theorem?

Over 2,500 years ago, the Greek mathematician Pythagoras noticed something remarkable about every right triangle — a triangle with one perfect 90° corner.

No matter how big or small, those three sides always obey one rule:

a² + b² = c²
a and b are the two legs  ·  c is the hypotenuse (the longest side, opposite the right angle)

Think of it this way: if you draw a square on each side of the triangle, the two smaller squares together have exactly the same area as the big square. Use the sliders below to watch that happen live!

Explore the Squares

Drag the sliders to change the legs. Notice how the three coloured squares always balance — the blue + green always equals the orange.

Leg a 3
Leg b 4

🔑 Unlock Part 2

If leg a = 6 and leg b = 8, what is the hypotenuse c?

Try setting the sliders! Or: 6² + 8² = 36 + 64 = 100. What number squared equals 100?

Drag & Discover

Grab the orange dot and drag it anywhere. The right-angle corner stays locked — and no matter the shape, a² + b² = c² never breaks.

☝ Drag the orange dot
Drag the dot to see live values!

A Real-World Problem

The Ladder Problem: A ladder leans against a wall. The foot is 5 ft from the wall. The top touches the wall 12 ft up. How long is the ladder?
5 ft 12 ft ? ft

We know a = 5 and b = 12. So:

5² + 12² = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13²
✅ The ladder is 13 feet long! The numbers 5–12–13 form a Pythagorean Triple — three whole numbers that perfectly satisfy the theorem.

Solve-for Calculator

Fill in any two of the three sides and leave one blank. Hit Calculate to find the missing value.

🔑 Unlock Part 3

A baseball diamond is a square with sides of 90 feet. How far is it from home plate to second base? (Round to the nearest foot.)

The diagonal cuts the square into two right triangles. Both legs = 90 ft.

Pythagorean Triples

A Pythagorean Triple is a set of three whole numbers that perfectly satisfy a² + b² = c². Ancient builders used the 3–4–5 triple to construct perfect right angles without any measuring tools. Click any card to see the verification and load it into the checker below!

💡 Multiply any triple by a whole number to get another one: 3–4–5 becomes 6–8–10, then 9–12–15, and so on forever!

Triple Checker

Enter any three positive numbers. The largest will be treated as the hypotenuse. Is it a triple?

🏆 Final Challenge

A rectangle is 7 units wide and 24 units tall. What is the exact length of its diagonal?

The diagonal is the hypotenuse. Both legs are given — and the answer is a whole number!